База данных: Статьи
Страница 1, Результатов: 10
Отмеченные записи: 0
1.
Подробнее
22.2
U93
Utenov, M. U
Determination of displacements in cross-sections of four-bar mechanism linksfrom distributed dynamic loads and their animation using MAPLE [Текст] / M.U Utenov // Әл - Фараби ат. ҚҰУ Хабаршы = Вестник КазНУ им Аль - Фараби. - Алматы, 2018. - №2(98). - Р. 45-56
ББК 22.2
Рубрики: Механика
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Механизмы -- подвижные стержневые системы -- перемещения -- распределенные динамические нагрузки
Аннотация: The links of high-speed mechanisms and manipulators are deformed under the action of inertiaforces and external loads. These deformations have significantly influence on the accuracy of execu-tion of the required law of motion by the operating point of the mechanism and the positioning ofthe manipulator grip. Accordingly, longitudinal and transverse displacements, angles of rotation ofcross-sections of links under the action of distributed dynamic and external loads are investigatedin this paper. The developed technique allows defining deformations of links of mechanisms andmanipulators and can be applied at their designing. To determine the transverse displacements,the angles of rotation of the cross-sections of the links – the basic differential equation of the elasticline of the beam, to determine the longitudinal displacements of the points of the links – Hooke’slaw and the boundary conditions of the computed scheme of the investigated linkages for elasticcomputation are used. The bending moment in the basic differential equation of the elastic line ofthe beam and the longitudinal force in Hooke’s law were determined by the theory developed bythe authors of the analytical definition of internal forces in the links of planar linkages with stat-ically determinate structures, taking into account the distributed dynamic loads from the massesof links, dead weight and from the acting external loads. According to the developed technique,programs are created in the MAPLE system and animations of the movement of mechanisms arereceived, with the construction on the links the diagrams of transverse, longitudinal displacementsand angles of rotation of the link cross-sections. The developed analytical technique for determin-ing deformations in the cross-sections of links is used to calculate the strength and stiffness ofelements of movable linkages.
Держатели документа:
ЗКГУ
Доп.точки доступа:
Zhilkibayeva, S.K
Baygunchekov, Zh.Zh
U93
Utenov, M. U
Determination of displacements in cross-sections of four-bar mechanism linksfrom distributed dynamic loads and their animation using MAPLE [Текст] / M.U Utenov // Әл - Фараби ат. ҚҰУ Хабаршы = Вестник КазНУ им Аль - Фараби. - Алматы, 2018. - №2(98). - Р. 45-56
Рубрики: Механика
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Механизмы -- подвижные стержневые системы -- перемещения -- распределенные динамические нагрузки
Аннотация: The links of high-speed mechanisms and manipulators are deformed under the action of inertiaforces and external loads. These deformations have significantly influence on the accuracy of execu-tion of the required law of motion by the operating point of the mechanism and the positioning ofthe manipulator grip. Accordingly, longitudinal and transverse displacements, angles of rotation ofcross-sections of links under the action of distributed dynamic and external loads are investigatedin this paper. The developed technique allows defining deformations of links of mechanisms andmanipulators and can be applied at their designing. To determine the transverse displacements,the angles of rotation of the cross-sections of the links – the basic differential equation of the elasticline of the beam, to determine the longitudinal displacements of the points of the links – Hooke’slaw and the boundary conditions of the computed scheme of the investigated linkages for elasticcomputation are used. The bending moment in the basic differential equation of the elastic line ofthe beam and the longitudinal force in Hooke’s law were determined by the theory developed bythe authors of the analytical definition of internal forces in the links of planar linkages with stat-ically determinate structures, taking into account the distributed dynamic loads from the massesof links, dead weight and from the acting external loads. According to the developed technique,programs are created in the MAPLE system and animations of the movement of mechanisms arereceived, with the construction on the links the diagrams of transverse, longitudinal displacementsand angles of rotation of the link cross-sections. The developed analytical technique for determin-ing deformations in the cross-sections of links is used to calculate the strength and stiffness ofelements of movable linkages.
Держатели документа:
ЗКГУ
Доп.точки доступа:
Zhilkibayeva, S.K
Baygunchekov, Zh.Zh
2.
Подробнее
66
A12
Abdreshev , A.
Potencial Opportunities for Increasing Security Connectivity between CICA Member States [Текст] / A. Abdreshev // Central Asia's Affrairs. - 2021. - №4. - P. 18-27
ББК 66
Рубрики: Politics
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
cica -- regional security -- cooperation -- institutionalization -- свмда -- региональная безопасность -- сотрудничество -- институционализация
Аннотация: This article looks in detail at CICA's activities in each region and examines how interconnectivity between CICA members can be strengthened.В статье подробно рассматривается деятельность СВМДА в каждом отдельном регионе, а также анализируется возможности укрепления взаимосвязанности между членами Форума.
Держатели документа:
WKU
A12
Abdreshev , A.
Potencial Opportunities for Increasing Security Connectivity between CICA Member States [Текст] / A. Abdreshev // Central Asia's Affrairs. - 2021. - №4. - P. 18-27
Рубрики: Politics
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
cica -- regional security -- cooperation -- institutionalization -- свмда -- региональная безопасность -- сотрудничество -- институционализация
Аннотация: This article looks in detail at CICA's activities in each region and examines how interconnectivity between CICA members can be strengthened.В статье подробно рассматривается деятельность СВМДА в каждом отдельном регионе, а также анализируется возможности укрепления взаимосвязанности между членами Форума.
Держатели документа:
WKU
3.
Подробнее
22.3
M99
Myrzatay, A. A.
The effect of the amount of data array on the results of forecasting network equipment failures. [Текст] / A. A. Myrzatay, L. G. Rzayeva, G. A. Uskenbayeva, A. K. Shukirova, G. Abitova // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №6. - P. 28-36
ББК 22.3
Рубрики: physics
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
machine learning methods -- modeling of machine learning method -- network equipment failure forecasts -- LAN
Аннотация: The article discusses three methods for predicting network equipment failures and the impact of the data array of input controllers. The purpose of the article is to reveal the relevance of the approach proposed by the authors to the use of large-amount of data in the chosen method of machine learning and to make a comparative analysis of the final values with the works of other world researchers. In the first section, the authors analyze the work of scientists from the Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, noting the strengths and weaknesses of their method. In Section 2, the authors analyze the Holt-Winters method for developing algorithms for analyzing network traffic, which was applied by researchers from the Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio Electronics. In section 3, the authors applied the method of random trees in the modeling of machine learning methods of Rapid Miner Studio. The authors have carried out work with a large amount of data, and a comparative analysis of the results of modeling the method. The importance of using large amounts of information to train a model of network equipment failure forecasts is proved. In the final section, the authors highlight the need to improve forecasting models for its further implementation in the working environment. Also, the authors emphasize that the two articles considered by international researchers are a special case, as well as their chosen method for predicting failures in the LAN system.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Rzayeva, L.G.
Uskenbayeva, G.A.
Shukirova, A.K.
Abitova, G.
M99
Myrzatay, A. A.
The effect of the amount of data array on the results of forecasting network equipment failures. [Текст] / A. A. Myrzatay, L. G. Rzayeva, G. A. Uskenbayeva, A. K. Shukirova, G. Abitova // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №6. - P. 28-36
Рубрики: physics
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
machine learning methods -- modeling of machine learning method -- network equipment failure forecasts -- LAN
Аннотация: The article discusses three methods for predicting network equipment failures and the impact of the data array of input controllers. The purpose of the article is to reveal the relevance of the approach proposed by the authors to the use of large-amount of data in the chosen method of machine learning and to make a comparative analysis of the final values with the works of other world researchers. In the first section, the authors analyze the work of scientists from the Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, noting the strengths and weaknesses of their method. In Section 2, the authors analyze the Holt-Winters method for developing algorithms for analyzing network traffic, which was applied by researchers from the Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio Electronics. In section 3, the authors applied the method of random trees in the modeling of machine learning methods of Rapid Miner Studio. The authors have carried out work with a large amount of data, and a comparative analysis of the results of modeling the method. The importance of using large amounts of information to train a model of network equipment failure forecasts is proved. In the final section, the authors highlight the need to improve forecasting models for its further implementation in the working environment. Also, the authors emphasize that the two articles considered by international researchers are a special case, as well as their chosen method for predicting failures in the LAN system.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Rzayeva, L.G.
Uskenbayeva, G.A.
Shukirova, A.K.
Abitova, G.
4.
Подробнее
32.973
S44
Seilova, N. A.
CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF A NONLINEAR NODE OF A BLOCK SYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM QALQAN [Текст] / N. A. Seilova, R. B. Ibrayev, L. V. Gorlov, M. Turdalyuly // NEWSOF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN. - 2021. - №6. - P. 73-80
ББК 32.973
Рубрики: information Technology
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
encryption algorithm -- vector boolean functions -- nonlinear node
Аннотация: In this paper, the main cryptographic properties of the nonlinear node of the Qalqan block symmetric encryption algorithm, which affect its cryptographic strength, are considered. Algorithms for calculating the cryptographic characteristics are given.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Ibrayev, R.B.
Gorlov, L.V.
Turdalyuly, M.
S44
Seilova, N. A.
CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF A NONLINEAR NODE OF A BLOCK SYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM QALQAN [Текст] / N. A. Seilova, R. B. Ibrayev, L. V. Gorlov, M. Turdalyuly // NEWSOF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN. - 2021. - №6. - P. 73-80
Рубрики: information Technology
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
encryption algorithm -- vector boolean functions -- nonlinear node
Аннотация: In this paper, the main cryptographic properties of the nonlinear node of the Qalqan block symmetric encryption algorithm, which affect its cryptographic strength, are considered. Algorithms for calculating the cryptographic characteristics are given.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Ibrayev, R.B.
Gorlov, L.V.
Turdalyuly, M.
5.
Подробнее
39.311
Y46
Yessentay, D. E.
Substantiation of application of anti-ice chemical reagents on automobile roads with cement concrete covering. [Текст] / D. E. Yessentay // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №1. - P. 112-118
ББК 39.311
Рубрики: Автомобильные дороги
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
slippery -- peeling -- chipping -- cement concrete strength -- deicing chemical reagent -- concentration of solutions
Аннотация: This article discusses the theoretical basis for the destruction of the crystal structure of snow and ice formations from the influence of chemical reagents. They established a natural dependence of the freezing force of snow and ice formations on the impact of various types of salt solutions. Also, laboratory studies have established the effect of the concentration of salt solutions on the loss of strength of cement concrete over time.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Kiyalbaev, A. K.
Kiyalbay, S. N.
Borisуuk , N. V.
Y46
Yessentay, D. E.
Substantiation of application of anti-ice chemical reagents on automobile roads with cement concrete covering. [Текст] / D. E. Yessentay // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №1. - P. 112-118
Рубрики: Автомобильные дороги
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
slippery -- peeling -- chipping -- cement concrete strength -- deicing chemical reagent -- concentration of solutions
Аннотация: This article discusses the theoretical basis for the destruction of the crystal structure of snow and ice formations from the influence of chemical reagents. They established a natural dependence of the freezing force of snow and ice formations on the impact of various types of salt solutions. Also, laboratory studies have established the effect of the concentration of salt solutions on the loss of strength of cement concrete over time.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Kiyalbaev, A. K.
Kiyalbay, S. N.
Borisуuk , N. V.
6.
Подробнее
38.3
S70
Sokolova, Ya. А.
The study of the properties and structure of cement binding composition on electrolyte acqueous solutions activated by mechanomagnetic method. [Текст] / Ya. А. Sokolova, M. V. Akulova, B. R. Isakulov, А. G. Sokolova [et al.] // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №2. - P. 86-91
ББК 38.3
Рубрики: Строительные материалы
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Cement compositions, -- mechanomagnetic activation -- electrolyte aqueous solutions -- differential thermo gravimetric analysis -- compressive strength -- structure formation of binders -- sodium thiosulphate -- calcium chloride
Аннотация: In the present paper, the issues of studying the influence of complex activation of grouting fluid on the structure and properties of the hardened cement paste and concrete are considered. The problem is relevant for manufacturing of building materials. In the paper, there was used the method of applying in the concrete mix composition of the elementary chemical substances undergone special physical treatment by means of mechanomagnetic activation. For more profound study of the structure formation processes in the hardened cement paste, the method of differential thermo gravimetric analysis has been used. As the research results have shown, the concrete samples on the activated electrolyte solutions are characterized by improved strength. In addition, on the base of differential thermo gravimetric analysis, it was proven that in the studied samples of the hardened cement paste on the electrolyte solutions activated by the method of mechanomagnetic treatment, the less calcium hydroxide and the more hydrated calcium silicate with amorphous and fine crystalline is formed. The obtained results for cement composites could be applied when manufacturing effective binder for concretes and mortars in the production of building materials and structures.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Akulova, M.V.
Isakulov, B.R.
Sokolova, А.G.
Kul’sharov, B.B.
Isakulov, А.B.
S70
Sokolova, Ya. А.
The study of the properties and structure of cement binding composition on electrolyte acqueous solutions activated by mechanomagnetic method. [Текст] / Ya. А. Sokolova, M. V. Akulova, B. R. Isakulov, А. G. Sokolova [et al.] // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №2. - P. 86-91
Рубрики: Строительные материалы
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Cement compositions, -- mechanomagnetic activation -- electrolyte aqueous solutions -- differential thermo gravimetric analysis -- compressive strength -- structure formation of binders -- sodium thiosulphate -- calcium chloride
Аннотация: In the present paper, the issues of studying the influence of complex activation of grouting fluid on the structure and properties of the hardened cement paste and concrete are considered. The problem is relevant for manufacturing of building materials. In the paper, there was used the method of applying in the concrete mix composition of the elementary chemical substances undergone special physical treatment by means of mechanomagnetic activation. For more profound study of the structure formation processes in the hardened cement paste, the method of differential thermo gravimetric analysis has been used. As the research results have shown, the concrete samples on the activated electrolyte solutions are characterized by improved strength. In addition, on the base of differential thermo gravimetric analysis, it was proven that in the studied samples of the hardened cement paste on the electrolyte solutions activated by the method of mechanomagnetic treatment, the less calcium hydroxide and the more hydrated calcium silicate with amorphous and fine crystalline is formed. The obtained results for cement composites could be applied when manufacturing effective binder for concretes and mortars in the production of building materials and structures.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Akulova, M.V.
Isakulov, B.R.
Sokolova, А.G.
Kul’sharov, B.B.
Isakulov, А.B.
7.
Подробнее
24
N94
Nurdillayeva, R. N.
Dissolution of stanless steel in sodium chloride solution at polarization by non-stationary current. [Текст] / R. N. Nurdillayeva // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №3. - P. 75-81
ББК 24
Рубрики: chemistry
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
stainless steel -- titanium electrode -- alternating current -- iron (II) ions -- chromium (III)ions -- current density -- and current efficiency
Аннотация: Stainless steel is in great demand due to its mechanical strength, heat resistance, and resistance to corrosive environments. This article presents the result of a study of the electrochemical dissolution behavior of a stainless steel electrode (12X18H10T) at polarization by 50 Hz alternating current in a neutral medium (NaCl). Preliminary experiments have shown that the main processes do not take place when two stainless steel electrodes are polarized with an alternating current. It was observed that by the polarization of the “stainless steel – titanium” pair electrodes with alternating current, the alloy is intensively dissolved with the formation of iron (II) and chromium (III) ions. This is due to the "valve" properties of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the titanium electrode. A change in the value of the current density of the titanium and steel electrodes significantly affects the process of electrochemical dissolution of the alloy. At high current densities, the dissolution rate of the alloy decreases due to the deterioration of the current correcting properties of titanium. With an increase in the electrolyte concentration, the current efficiency is reduced as salt passivation occurs. A maximum value of the current efficiency of dissolution of stainless steel was observed at a current frequency of 50 Hz. High frequencies of the alternating current do not provide an adjustable duration of the anodic half-cycle for the oxidation reaction due to the frequent change of half-cycles of the alternating current. It was observed that increasing the temperature of the electrolyte reduces the current efficiency of the electrochemical dissolution of stainless steel electrodes. The effects of main electrochemical parameters on the electrolysis process have been investigated, and the optimal conditions of the alloy dissolution were established (іТі = 60 kA/m2, іSS = 800 A/m2, [NaCl] = 2.0 M, t = 30, ν = 50 Hz.).
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Sauirbay, Zh.G.
Bayeshov, A.B.
N94
Nurdillayeva, R. N.
Dissolution of stanless steel in sodium chloride solution at polarization by non-stationary current. [Текст] / R. N. Nurdillayeva // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №3. - P. 75-81
Рубрики: chemistry
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
stainless steel -- titanium electrode -- alternating current -- iron (II) ions -- chromium (III)ions -- current density -- and current efficiency
Аннотация: Stainless steel is in great demand due to its mechanical strength, heat resistance, and resistance to corrosive environments. This article presents the result of a study of the electrochemical dissolution behavior of a stainless steel electrode (12X18H10T) at polarization by 50 Hz alternating current in a neutral medium (NaCl). Preliminary experiments have shown that the main processes do not take place when two stainless steel electrodes are polarized with an alternating current. It was observed that by the polarization of the “stainless steel – titanium” pair electrodes with alternating current, the alloy is intensively dissolved with the formation of iron (II) and chromium (III) ions. This is due to the "valve" properties of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the titanium electrode. A change in the value of the current density of the titanium and steel electrodes significantly affects the process of electrochemical dissolution of the alloy. At high current densities, the dissolution rate of the alloy decreases due to the deterioration of the current correcting properties of titanium. With an increase in the electrolyte concentration, the current efficiency is reduced as salt passivation occurs. A maximum value of the current efficiency of dissolution of stainless steel was observed at a current frequency of 50 Hz. High frequencies of the alternating current do not provide an adjustable duration of the anodic half-cycle for the oxidation reaction due to the frequent change of half-cycles of the alternating current. It was observed that increasing the temperature of the electrolyte reduces the current efficiency of the electrochemical dissolution of stainless steel electrodes. The effects of main electrochemical parameters on the electrolysis process have been investigated, and the optimal conditions of the alloy dissolution were established (іТі = 60 kA/m2, іSS = 800 A/m2, [NaCl] = 2.0 M, t = 30, ν = 50 Hz.).
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Sauirbay, Zh.G.
Bayeshov, A.B.
8.
Подробнее
35
A29
Akurpekova, A. K.
Cracking of vacuum gas oil on hlay -containing catalysts with a multicomponent matrix based on montmorilionite. [Текст] / A. K. Akurpekova // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №4. - P. 6-13
ББК 35
Рубрики: chemical Technology
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
catalytic cracking -- montmorillonite -- binder -- strength -- gasoline -- zeolite -- acidity -- acuum gas oil
Аннотация: it is shown that additions of montmorillonite in the Na form contribute to a significant increase in the crushing strength of granules of cracking catalysts while maintaining their activity in the yield of gasoline. Comparison of the results of the cracking of vacuum gas oil on catalysts of the same composition, but with and without a NaMM binder, showed that the introduction of NaMM does not significantly affect the gasoline yield. Samples of catalysts of the same composition, but with the use of Al-pillared MM in Na-and CaNa-exchangeable forms and with the addition of NaMM as a binder, showed similar activity in the yield of gasoline, which is explained by the similarity of the elemental compositions, textural and acidic properties of the studied catalysts. The maximum yield of gasoline, equal to 44.8% and light gas oil of 14.6%, was obtained for Al (2.5) CaNaHMM + NaMM with the addition of a binder and crushing strength of 60-70 N / cm2.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Zakarina, N.A.
Kornaukhova, N.A.
Dalelkhanuly, O.
Zhumadullaev, D.A.
A29
Akurpekova, A. K.
Cracking of vacuum gas oil on hlay -containing catalysts with a multicomponent matrix based on montmorilionite. [Текст] / A. K. Akurpekova // News of national academy of sciences of the republic of Kazakhstan. . - 2021. - №4. - P. 6-13
Рубрики: chemical Technology
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
catalytic cracking -- montmorillonite -- binder -- strength -- gasoline -- zeolite -- acidity -- acuum gas oil
Аннотация: it is shown that additions of montmorillonite in the Na form contribute to a significant increase in the crushing strength of granules of cracking catalysts while maintaining their activity in the yield of gasoline. Comparison of the results of the cracking of vacuum gas oil on catalysts of the same composition, but with and without a NaMM binder, showed that the introduction of NaMM does not significantly affect the gasoline yield. Samples of catalysts of the same composition, but with the use of Al-pillared MM in Na-and CaNa-exchangeable forms and with the addition of NaMM as a binder, showed similar activity in the yield of gasoline, which is explained by the similarity of the elemental compositions, textural and acidic properties of the studied catalysts. The maximum yield of gasoline, equal to 44.8% and light gas oil of 14.6%, was obtained for Al (2.5) CaNaHMM + NaMM with the addition of a binder and crushing strength of 60-70 N / cm2.
Держатели документа:
WKU
Доп.точки доступа:
Zakarina, N.A.
Kornaukhova, N.A.
Dalelkhanuly, O.
Zhumadullaev, D.A.
9.
10.
Подробнее
65
K 45
Kim, Y.
Fintech: modern trends and future of finance [Текст] / Y. Kim, T. Malikov, A. K. Tussayeva // Транзитная экономика: научно-практический журнал. - 2024. - №4. - с. 59-64
ББК 65
Рубрики: Экономика. Экономические науки
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Financial technology -- commercial bank -- national bank -- artificial intelligence -- banking marketplaces -- digital tenge
Аннотация: The article emphasizes the need for continued innovation, improved Financial literacy ,and robust regulatory frameworks to address challenges such as cybersecurity and International competition. By leveraging these fintech advancements, Kazakhstan aims to strengthen its economy ,enhance global competitiveness, and foster sustainable growth.
Доп.точки доступа:
Malikov, T.
Tussayeva, A. K.
K 45
Kim, Y.
Fintech: modern trends and future of finance [Текст] / Y. Kim, T. Malikov, A. K. Tussayeva // Транзитная экономика: научно-практический журнал. - 2024. - №4. - с. 59-64
Рубрики: Экономика. Экономические науки
Кл.слова (ненормированные):
Financial technology -- commercial bank -- national bank -- artificial intelligence -- banking marketplaces -- digital tenge
Аннотация: The article emphasizes the need for continued innovation, improved Financial literacy ,and robust regulatory frameworks to address challenges such as cybersecurity and International competition. By leveraging these fintech advancements, Kazakhstan aims to strengthen its economy ,enhance global competitiveness, and foster sustainable growth.
Доп.точки доступа:
Malikov, T.
Tussayeva, A. K.
Страница 1, Результатов: 10